During this reporting period, maize and spring wheat were sown, while winter wheat was harvested in July. At the national level, rainfall was 15% below the 15YA, average temperature was 0.2℃ lower and radiation was slightly below average (-4%). The decrease in rainfall caused a biomass decrease (-7%). The CALF of Romania remained unchanged (100%) and the maximum VCI was 0.90. Compared with last year's drought condition, this reporting period has a better performance. The rainfall time series shows that precipitation was below average in May, early June, impacting the growth of maize and wheat. The temperature was around average for most of the reporting period and even reached the 15 year maximum in the middle of July.  The VHI map shows that drought conditions were severe in the eastern region. According to the NDVI development curve, crop conditions were below average from April to June. Only 8.2% (green line) of Romania's cropland experienced a change from a negative to a positive departure from the average NDVI trend during the reporting period. The proportion of irrigated cropland in Romania is only 4%. Crop conditions are assessed as unfavorable, especially for summer crops. 

监测期内，罗马尼亚玉米和春小麦进入播种季，冬小麦在七月收获。全国范围内，降水相比平均偏低15%，气温偏低0.2℃，光合有效辐射偏低4%。降水的偏低导致潜在累积生物量偏低7%。罗马尼亚的耕地种植比例维持在100%水平，最佳植被状况指数为0.9。相比去年的干旱状况，本期监测的情况相对偏好。降水时间序列过程线显示降水在五月至六月初低于平均水平，对玉米和小麦的生长造成影响。气温在整个监测期内位于平均水平，并在七月份达到了多年最高水平。植被健康指数分布图显示东部地区的作物旱情较重NDVI时间过程线显示作物长势在四月至六月低于平均水平，仅有8.2%（绿色线）的耕地从低于平均变得好于平均水平。罗马尼亚的灌溉耕地比例仅为4%，农气条件对作物生长起到决定性的作用。目前监测的作物长势不佳。

Regional analyses

区域分析

More details are provided below for three main agro‐ecological zones: the Central mixed farming and pasture Carpathian hills (165), the Eastern and southern maize, wheat and sugar beet plains (166) and the Western and central maize, wheat and sugar beet plateau (167).

该国的三个主要农业生态区为中部地区（165）、南部和东部平原地区（166）以及西部地区（167）三个区域。

For the Central mixed farming and pasture Carpathian hills, compared to the 15YA, rainfall decreased by 21%, temperature was at average, radiation was below average (RADPAR -3%) and BIOMSS decreased by 9%. According to the NDVI development, crop conditions were below average during the reporting period. The regional average VCI maximum was 0.93. This region occupies only a small part of cropland in Romania, thus, the below-average vegetation conditions have little impact on Romania's crop production.

中部地区的降水相比平均偏低21%，气温位于平均水平，光合有效辐射偏低3%，潜在累积生物量偏低9%。根据NDVI时间过程线，作物长势在监测期内低于平均水平。区域VCI最大值为0.93，本分区的耕地面积占全国比例较小，低于平均的农气条件对罗马尼亚全国的作物产量影响较小。

For the Eastern and Southern maize, wheat and sugar beet plains, rainfall decreased by 14%, the temperature was at average and radiation was 4% below average. This resulted in a reduced estimate of biomass (-7%). The NDVI development graph shows that crop conditions dropped to below average from late June to July. The VCIx value of this region was only 0.89. According to the distribution map, the yellow and blue NDVI profile line region in the southeast (counties of Tulcea and Constanta) dropped largely in June and July; meanwhile, the maximum VCI values in this area were below 0.5. All indicators show that the crop condition in this region was below average.

南部和东部平原地区的降水相比平均偏低14%，气温位于平均水平，光合有效辐射相比平均偏低4%，导致潜在累积生物量偏低7%。NDVI时间过程线显示作物长势在六月底至七月低于平均水平。最佳植被状况指数仅为0.89。根据聚类分布图，黄色和蓝色标记的NDVI过程线在六月和七月降幅较大（图尔恰与康斯坦萨地区）。区域最佳植被状况指数仅为0.5。多指标显示该分区的作物长势低于平均。

For the Western and central maize, wheat and sugar beet plateau, rainfall was lower than average by 16%. Temperature was also lower than average by 0.5℃, radiation was also lower (RADPAR -3%) and biomass decreased by 9%. Maximum VCI of this region was 0.91. It varied considerably in this region (0.5 to 1.0). CPI was 1.07. The spatial NDVI pattern shows that NDVI was also decreasing over time in the central region (red line), which indicates that crop conditions were unfavorable.

西部地区的降水相比平均偏低16%，气温偏低0.5℃，光合有效辐射偏低3%，潜在累积生物量偏低9%。区域最佳植被状况指数为0.91，处于0.5-1.0区间分布。作物生产形势指数为1.07，NDVI的空间聚类分布图显示红色标记的NDVI在中部地区的作物长势低于平均。整体分区的作物长势较差。

Figure 3.37 Romania's crop condition, April–July 2023

图3.38 2023年4月-2023年7月罗马尼亚作物长势

(a). Phenology of major crops

(a). 主要作物物候历

(b) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI

(b) 基于NDVI的作物生长过程线  

(c) Maximum VCI

(c)  最佳植被状况指数

(d) Spatial distribution of NDVI profiles

(d)NDVI距平空间聚类图（与5年平均相比）(e) NDVI距平聚类过程线

(e) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI (Central mixed farming and pasture Carpathian hills (left) and Eastern and southern maize, wheat and sugar beet plains (right))

(f) 基于 NDVI 的作物生长过程线(中部地区(左)、南部和东部平原地区(右))

(f) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI (Western and central maize, wheat and sugar beet plateau)

(g) 基于 NDVI 的作物生长过程线(西部地区)

(g) Time series rainfall pofile

(h)降水时间过程线   

(h) Time series temperature pofile

 (i)温度时间过程线

Table 3.65 Romania's agroclimatic indicators by sub-national regions, current season's values and departure from 15YA, April–July 2023

表3.65 罗马尼亚农业生态分区2023年4月-2023年7月与过去15年(15YA)同期农业气象指标

Table 3.66 Romania's agronomic indicators by sub-national regions, current season's values and departure from 5YA, April – July 2023

表3.66 罗马尼亚农业生态分区2023年4月-2023年7月与近5年（5YA）同期农情指标